A typical wellhead is a crucial surface facility in oil and gas extraction, serving as the "throat" through which oil and gas travel from underground to the surface. It is mainly composed of three major components: the casing head, tubing head, and Christmas tree. The casing head connects the surface casing, intermediate casing, and production casing, forming a stable casing string to ensure the stability of the wellbore. Mounted on top of the casing head, the tubing head suspends the tubing string and seals the annular space between the tubing and casing to prevent fluid leakage. The Christmas tree, positioned at the top, integrates valves, instruments, pipe fittings, and other equipment. It is used to control and regulate oil and gas production, enabling operations such as wellhead pressure monitoring, flow regulation, and paraffin removal.
During operation, oil and gas from underground rise through the tubing under pressure. With the various valves and instruments on the Christmas tree, operators can precisely control the extraction pace, ensuring safe and efficient production. Typical wellheads feature excellent pressure resistance and corrosion resistance, allowing them to adapt to different environments, including onshore and offshore settings. They are the cornerstone for ensuring the long-term stable production of oil and gas fields, and their technological level directly impacts the efficiency and safety of oil and gas extraction.